Amazon is destroying rare books to train AI models
404 Media discovered Amazon is buying and destroying rare books to scan their text for AI training, tracked directly to a Las Vegas facility.

Stock photo for illustration only, not from the actual event
- Amazon purchases and mutilates rare books by cutting off their spines
- Scanned content is used for AI model training at the VGT3 facility in Las Vegas
- 404 Media uncovered the operation using a tracking device inside a book
- Amazon states it buys books commercially to improve customer products
Major tech companies continue their aggressive pursuit of massive text datasets to train large language models, especially as readily available internet data has been thoroughly ingested. Recent investigations reveal that e-commerce giant Amazon has been acquiring large quantities of rare books, slicing off their bindings, and scanning the pages to convert them into training data for artificial intelligence systems.
This operation came to light after reporters at 404 Media placed a hidden tracking device inside a rare book, which ultimately led them straight to an Amazon operational facility located in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Stock photo for illustration only, not from the actual event
The facility, designated as VGT3, features a distinct symbol depicting a dinosaur holding a book in its claws. This strategy highlights how tech firms are now targeting out-of-print and offline literature as a fresh, coveted source of training data that cannot be found anywhere else on the internet.
The pivot toward physical rare books underscores the broader industry challenge of data scarcity as public web text diminishes and copyright scrutiny intensifies. While physical books offer untapped text corpuses, the physical destruction of rare literature for automated scanning raises significant preservation and ethical concerns.
"purchases books through commercial channels to improve the products and services customers use."
Amazon
In response to inquiries regarding the operation, Amazon provided an official statement to 404 Media confirming that the company "purchases books through commercial channels to improve the products and services customers use."
Source: TechCrunch
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